mater et magistra

We have given principles and directives which We exhort you earnestly to think over, and now, for your part, to put into effect. The Self-Advancement of the Farming Community. 214. It is vitally important, therefore, that Our sons learn to understand this doctrine. Necessity, therefore, and justice demand that all such technical and financial aid be given without thought of domination, but rather for the purpose of helping the less developed nations to achieve their own economic and social growth. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books. But if we hold to a human and Christian concept of man and the family, we are bound to consider as an ideal that form of enterprise which is modelled on the basis of a community of persons working together for the advancement of their mutual interests in accordance with the principles of justice and Christian teaching. In economically developed countries, relatively unimportant services, and services of doubtful value, frequently carry a disproportionately high rate of remuneration, while the diligent and profitable work of whole classes of honest, hard-working men gets scant reward. José Aparicio Sanz nació en Enguera (no lejos de Játiva) el 12 de marzo de 1893. That a man should develop and perfect himself through his daily work—which in most cases is of a temporal character—is perfectly in keeping with the plan of divine Providence. 178. Theirs is a work which carries with it a dignity all its own. English. We must solemnly proclaim that human life is transmitted by means of the family, and the family is based upon a marriage which is one and indissoluble and, with respect to Christians, raised to the dignity of a sacrament. These often result in surpluses and scarcities. Those who are not familiar with the title, it is the name of an encyclical issued by Pope John XXIII. And so Our Predecessor, in speaking of migration, admonished both parties involved, namely the country of departure and the country receiving the newcomers, to seek always "to eliminate as far as possible all obstacles to the birth and growth of real confidence" (24) between the nations. "Mater et Magistra" is the encyclical written by Pope John XXIII on the topic of "Christianity and Social Progress". For these groups must themselves necessarily present the form and substance of a true community, and this will only be the case if they treat their individual members as human persons and encourage them to take an active part in the ordering of their lives. It describes a necessity to work towards authentic community in order to promote human dignity. 128. 102,920 people like this. It was at such a time and under pressure of such circumstances as these that Leo XIII wrote his social encyclical, Rerum Novarum, based on the needs of human nature itself and animated by the principles and spirit of the Gospel. Consequently, a purely theoretical instruction in man's social and economic obligations is inadequate. AAS 36 (1944) 253. They have to wait longer than most people for their returns, and these are exposed to greater hazards. (4) And these were no empty words of our divine Redeemer. 11. [9], Mater et magistra frequently explains the common good as a desirable balance between different elements of the society or the economy. If they cannot do so, or will not do so, then, and only then, does "it fall back on the State to intervene in the division and distribution of work, and this must be according to the form and measure that the common good properly understood demands." The State and other agencies of public law must not extend their ownership beyond what is clearly required by considerations of the common good properly understood, and even then there must be safeguards. The development of these social relationships, therefore, can and ought to be realized in a way best calculated to promote its inherent advantages and to preclude, or at least diminish, its attendant disadvantages. 105. Beyond any shadow of doubt, his directives and appeals have established for themselves a position of such high importance that they will never, surely, sink into oblivion. The title means "mother and teacher", referring to the role of the church. For this reason, too, investors are more inclined to put their money in industry rather than agriculture. In the social field we have the development of social insurance and, in the more economically advanced communities, the introduction of social security systems. 100. 147. 94. 55. For men of this stamp are always in evidence, and, like cockle among the wheat, thrive in every land. 191. 136. But their degree of applicability to concrete cases cannot be deter mined without reference to the quantity and quality of available resources; and these can—and in fact do—vary from country to country, and even, from time to time, within the same country. (35) Encyclical letter Quadragesimo anno; AAS 23 (1931) 214. He demands, therefore, a moral and religious order; and it is this order—and not considerations of a purely extraneous, material order—which has the greatest validity in the solution of problems relating to his life as an individual and as a member of society, and problems concerning individual states and their inter-relations. Start your 48-hour free trial to unlock this Mater et Magistra study guide. In this way both will contribute to, and share in, the increased welfare of man and the progress of culture. Certainly, the Church teaches—and has always taught—that scientific and technical progress and the resultant material well-being are good things and mark an important phase in human civilization. (7) It has also the duty to protect the rights of all its people, and particularly of its weaker members, the workers, women and children. (47), The Enduring Validity of the Church's Social Teaching. 152. Reading Mater et Magistra, Part II August 23, 2020 David Cruz-Uribe Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Mater et Magistra è l'enciclica sociale promulgata il 15 maggio 1961 nella quale papa Giovanni XXIII ha ripreso ed ampliato il tradizionale insegnamento della Chiesa cattolica in ordine ai problemi sociali. Read Mater et Magistra. 226. First, with regard to agriculture, it would not appear that the rural population as a whole is decreasing, but it is an undeniable fact that many people are moving away from their farms into more thickly populated areas as well as into the cities themselves. As a further consequence, the modern youth is enabled to devote a longer time to his basic schooling in the arts and sciences. 2:29. As a rule no single commonwealth has sufficient resources at its command to solve the more important scientific, technical, economic, social, political and cultural problems which confront it at the present time. It is not possible to give a concise definition of the kind of economic structure which is most consonant with man's dignity and best calculated to develop in him a sense of responsibility. Venerable Brethren and dear sons, We began with that wonderful Encyclical of Pope Leo, and passed in review before you the various problems of our modern social life. 185. Forty years after the appearance of this magnificent summary of Christian social principles, Our Predecessor, Pius XI, published his own encyclical, Quadragesimo Anno. MATER ET MAGISTRA An encyclical letter dealing with Christian teaching on modern social questions, addressed by John XXIII on May 15, 1961, to all members of the hierarchy, clergy, and laity of the entire Catholic world. (21). Yes, both sides speak of justice and the demands of justice, but these words frequently take on different or opposite meanings according to which side uses them. 38. It is quite legitimate for nations to treat those differences as a sacred inheritance and guard them at all costs. Also seen in CBCP News is an article saying that the Oil Deregulation Law must be junked because if it pushes through, the prices are sure to increase as well. It was clear, for example, that unregulated competition had succumbed to its own inherent tendencies to the point of practically destroying itself. They must remember, too, that if in the transaction of their temporal affairs they take no account of those social principles which the Church teaches, and which We now confirm, then they fail in their obligations and may easily violate the rights of others. Secondly, private ownership of property, including that of productive goods, is a natural right which the State cannot suppress. Its remuneration, therefore, cannot be made to depend on the state of the market. In the post World War II period international relationships were growing, technology was advancing rapidly, and the world was becoming more interdependent. It lays claim to the whole man, body and soul, intellect and will, inducing him to raise his mind above the changing conditions of this earthly existence and reach upwards for the eternal life of heaven, where one day he will find his unfailing happiness and peace. This attitude is disastrous. 26. MATER ET MAGISTRA. Contexte historique Plan de l'encyclique. 235. They are caused, also, by the lack of effective solidarity among such peoples. There is also a further temptation which the economically developed nations must resist: that of giving technical and financial aid with a view to gaining control over the political situation in the poorer countries, and furthering their ownplans for world domination. With regard to private property, Our Predecessor reaffirmed its origin in natural law, and enlarged upon its social aspect and the obligations of ownership. Consequently, farmers find greater difficulty in obtaining the capital necessary to increase returns. We are convinced that the farming community must take an active part in its own economic advancement, social progress and cultural betterment. Both these groups, therefore, need a thoroughgoing technical and general education, and should have their own professional organizations. vatican.va. Given at Rome, at St. Peter's, on the 15th day of May, in the year 1961, the third of Our Pontificate. As for the problems which face the poorer nations in various parts of the world, We realize, of course, that these are very real. Or O.I.T. It is required by "justice and humanity" to share surplus food and other goods with other nations in need. First, the Church being a mother and a teacher, John XXIII [in the 1960 encyclical "Mater et Magistra"] mentions the changes transpiring in the society. 284 check-ins. For some considerable time now, Venerable Brethren, Our solicitude for the Universal Church has been directed into the writing of this letter; and We wish to conclude it by voicing the following desires: May man's divine Redeemer "who of God is made unto us wisdom and justice and sanctification and redemption," (65) reign and triumph gloriously throughout all ages, in all and over all. It is important for our young people to grasp this method and to practice it. AAS 36 (1944) 254. (30). Those who live on the land can hardly fail to appreciate the nobility of the work they are called upon to do. 192. The effect of all this is to make the modern man more deeply aware of his own limitations, and to create in him a striving for spiritual values. Mater et Magistra was pomulgated on May 5, 1961. Pope (1958-1963 : John XXIII). As he said at the beginning of his exposition of the principles and precepts of the Church in social matters: "We approach the subject with confidence, and in the exercise of the rights which manifestly appertain to Vs, for no practical solution of this question will be found apart from the counsel of religion and of the Church." It also puts into the hands of public authority a greater means for limiting fluctuations in the economy and for providing effective measures to prevent the recurrence of mass unemployment. "Amen, I say to you, as long as you did it to one of these my least brethren, you did it to me." In some countries arable land abounds, but there is a scarcity of population; whereas in other countries the position is reversed: the population is large, arable land scarce. All such reforms should correspond as nearly as possible with those introduced in industry and the various services. She does not intend merely to uphold the present condition of things as if it were an expression of the divine Will, or to protect on principle the rich and plutocrats against the poor and indigent. (36). (41), 159. 25. The demands of the common good on the international level include: the avoidance of all forms of unfair competition between the economies of different countries; the fostering of mutual collaboration and good will; and effective co-operation in the development of economically less advanced communities. There will always remain, therefore, a vast field for the exercise of human sympathy and the Christian charity of individuals. The Church is by divine right universal. Similarly, Our Predecessor, Pius XII, rightly asserted that our age is marked by a clear contrast between the immense scientific and technical progress and the fearful human decline shown by "its monstrous masterpiece . This, of course, is not to deny the lawfulness of State and public ownership of productive goods, especially those which "carry with them a power too great to be left to private individuals without injury to the community at large." Dictionary Collections This encyclical expanded the Church's social doctrine to cover the relations between rich … There was also the constant spectre of unemployment and the progressive disruption of family life. It should ensure that the less developed areas receive such essential public services as their circumstances require, in order to bring the standard of living in these areas into line with the national average. ABOUT MATER ET MAGISTRA - LIBRERIA CATOLICA. It should be stated at the outset that in the economic order first place must be given to the personal initiative of private citizens working either as individuals or in association with each other in various ways for the furtherance of common interests. "In this we have known the charity of God," says St. John, "because he has laid down his life for us; and we ought to lay down our lives for the brethren. 263. It describes a necessity to work towards authentic community in order to promote human dignity. Rural workers should feel a sense of solidarity with one another, and should unite to form co-operatives and professional associations. It is a work which demands a capacity for orientation and adaptation, patient waiting, a sense of responsibility, and a spirit of perseverance and enterprise. 65. But We must remind you here of an important truth: the Christian conception of life demands of all—whether highborn or lowly—a spirit of moderation and sacrifice. Finally—to take a world view—one observes a marked disparity in the economic wealth possessed by different countries. 15 mai 1961 Mater et magistra. This development in the social life of man is at once a symptom and a cause of the growing intervention of the State, even in matters which are of intimate concern to the individual, hence of great importance and not devoid of risk. leta 1961.. V okrožnici je papež izpostavil vlogo, pomen, težave in prihodnost krščanstva znotraj splošnega družbenega vzpona.. Glej tudi. First, We must reaffirm most strongly that this Catholic social doctrine is an integral part of the Christian conception of life. (40) Allocutio, 3 May, 1960; cf. 160. This has been her course now for nigh on two thousand years, from the early ministrations of her deacons right down to the present time. Arguments to this effect are based on such unreliable and controversial data that they can only be of very uncertain validity. (31) Allocutio, 8 Oct. 1956; cf. Both sides must work together in harmony, and their respective efforts must be proportioned to the needs of the common good in the prevailing circumstances and conditions of human life. For example, a business must balance its unity of direction with the needs of its individual workers. Indeed, in accordance with "the principle of subsidiary function," public authority must encourage and assist private enterprise, entrusting to it, wherever possible, the continuation of economic development. It is also known by the English title On Christianity and Social Progress.It celebrates the seventieth anniversary of Rerum Novarum.. He consists also of spirit; he is endowed with reason and freedom. Edition 1st Edition. (40) [Hence], it is necessary to educate one's conscience to the sense of responsibility which weighs upon each and every one, especially upon those who are more blessed with this world's goods." Hence, we are told, if nothing is done to check this rise in population, the world will be faced in the not too distant future with an increasing shortage in the necessities of life. To these Our beloved sons in every land who, in promoting genuine progress and civilization, are a living proof of the Church's perennial vitality, We wish to extend Our kind and fatherly word of appreciation and encouragement. 174. In view of this it is strange that the innate character of a right which derives its force and validity from the fruitfulness of work should ever be called in question—a right which constitutes so efficacious a means of asserting one's personality and exercising responsibility in every field, and an element of solidity and security for family life and of greater peace and prosperity in the State. 132. Hence the craftsman's business and that of the family farm, as well as the co-operative enterprise which aims at the completion and perfection of both these concerns—all these are to be safeguarded and encouraged in harmony with the common good and technical progress. Libros y artículos religiosos 97. (30) Broadcast message, 1 Sept. 1944, cf. If a country is to develop economically, it must do so gradually, maintaining an even balance between all sectors of the economy. Enterprises relating to other sectors of the economy might also be established there. (46), The Real Source of Justice, Truth and Love. Mater et magistra begins by praising three earlier papal documents on social topics and summarizing their key points. It is a work, however, which needs to be increased, and We hope that the years ahead will see the wealthier nations making even greater efforts for the scientific, technical and economic advancement of those political communities whose development is still only in its initial stages. (62). 193. It is equally important that the government take the proper steps regarding their training, taxation, credit, social security and insurance. The wise development, the encouragement within limits, of that genius, those qualities, does no harm; and if a nation cares to take precautions, to lay down rules, for that end, it has the Church's approval. “Mater et Magistra,” a Latin expression which literally means “Mother and Teacher,” has long been used to refer to the authority that Christ Himself bestowed upon the Church, in entrusting to her the Petrine “Keys of the Kingdom.” Christ made a solemn promise to Peter and each of his validly elected successors that “whatever [they] bound on Earth would be bound in heaven, and whatever they loosened on Earth … (50). Great is their dignity, a dignity which she has always guarded most zealously and held in the highest esteem. Leo XIII spoke in a time of social and economic upheaval, of heightening tensions and actual revolt. Yet at the same time, the divine Master frequently extends to the rich the insistent invitation to convert their material goods into spiritual ones by conferring them on the poor. Bread it was for the body, but it was intended also to foreshadow that other bread, that heavenly food of the soul, which He was to give them on "the night before He suffered.". 106. It was promulgated on May 15, 1961. They are necessary, finally, if farm workers are to have their proper voice in political circles and in public administration. Justice is to be observed not only in the distribution of wealth, but also in regard to the conditions in which men are engaged in producing this wealth. Heavy in heart, We cannot but deplore the growing tendency in certain quarters to disregard this sacred law, if not to reject it outright. 200. The only permanent remedy for this is to make use of every possible means of providing these citizens with the scientific, technical and professional training they need, and to put at their disposal the necessary capital for speeding up their economic development with the help of modern methods. Encyklika Mater et Magistra se zabývá těmito problémy: Poukazuje na rostoucí množství sociálních vztahů mezi lidmi. They may have a large and industrious population, an advanced economic structure, great natural resources and extensive territories. Attention must then be turned to the need for worldwide co-operation among men, with a view to a fruitful and well-regulated interchange of useful knowledge, capital and manpower. Christ made a solemn promise to Peter and each of his validly elected successors that "whatever [they] bound on Earth would be bound in heaven, and whatever they … Systems of social insurance and social security can make a most effective contribution to the overall distribution of national income in accordance with the principles of justice and equity. 117. On the technological level, the advancement of science and … 76. What then? 95. We know that as an economy develops, the number of people engaged in agriculture decreases, while the percentage employed in industry and the various services rises. Misioneros en el Mundo del Trabajo 301 views. 'He that hath a talent,' says St. Gregory the Great, 'let him see that he hide it not; he that hath abundance, let him quicken himself to mercy and generosity; he that hath art and skill, let him do his best to share the use and the utility thereof with his neighbor'." Tags: encyclicals global common good John XXIII. When He said "I am the way, and the truth, and the life," (2) "I am the light of the world," (3) it was doubtless man's eternal salvation that was uppermost in His mind, but He showed His concern for the material welfare of His people when, seeing the hungry crowd of His followers, He was moved to exclaim: "I have compassion on the multitude." XXIII AD PATRIARCHAS, PRIMATES, ARCHIEPISCOPOS, EPISCOPOS ALIOSQUE LOCORUM ORDINARIOS, PACEM ET COMMUNIONEM CUM APOSTOLICA SEDE HABENTES DE RERUM SOCIALIUM PROCESSIBUS AD CHRISTIANA PRAECEPTA COMPONENDIS (1) Mater et magistra gentium a Christo Iesu ob eam causam catholica Ecclesia … Given the special nature of agricultural produce, modern economists must devise a suitable means of price protection. The importance of their work must be gauged not merely by its immediate and obvious results, but also by its effect on the working world as a whole, where it helps to spread sound principles of action and the wholesome influence of the Christian religion . 96. in the political sphere, the breakdown of colonialism, independence for many states in Asia and Africa, and an increasing network of international organizations. 39. And it is the natural right of the workers to work without hindrance, freely, and on their own initiative within these associations for the achievement of these ends. 84. There is, in the first place, a progressive lack of balance between agriculture on the one hand, and industry and public services on the other. [15], The Pope comments on disproportions that exist between the population and the amount of arable land, as well as different levels of agricultural methods, in different parts of the world. 224. 284 personas estuvieron aquí. 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