Before we move on to the preparation of Bakelite, it is important to know how a polymer is prepared. Share Tweet Share Pin it... of potassium, sodium, calcium, strontium and barium are more reactive than magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide. condensation was completed. So, we can, in general, say that Bakelite is a condensation polymer or a phenolic resin. The ability to be molded makes it a part of the commodities being used in modern life. This is why they are used to make a number of electronic gadgets, switches and automobile parts. (ii) It is … Document Preview. Structure of Acetylene - The Triple Bonds, Dichloromethane Uses and Effects on Environment, Vedantu The method is designed to produce bakelite varnish LB-SP, representing mainly alcohol solution rezol formaldehyde resin obtained by condensing phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of dead-burned magnesia or magnesium oxide as a catalyst. Raw materials used in the preparation of bakelite are :-phenol and formaldehyde. Since Bakelite can be made into different colors, Bakelite jewelry was once very much in use. Preparation of Bakelite proceeds via reactions: (A) Electrophilic addition and dehydration (B) Condensation and elimination (C) Nucleophilic addition  It shows high resistance towards heat, electricity and chemical action. Preparation of bakelite: Bakelite is the commercial name for the polymer obtained by the polymerization of phenol and formaldehyde. Because of the relatively small amounts available, after grinding and mixing with liquid Bakelite, carbonized samples were mounted in small holes (10 mm in diameter and 3 mm deep) drilled in larger cylindrical Bakelite blocks. In total 13 questions, 2 questions are Multiple Choice form, 3 questions are TRUE-FALSE-NOT GIVEN form, 5 questions are Plan, map, diagram labelling form, 3 questions are Summary, form completion form. Preparation of Bakelite Date: 28-09-10 Muhammad Usman (2008-chem-02-B) Properties of required chemicals: 1. Phenol-Formaldehyde Polymers(Bakelite and related polymers):-they are obtained by condensation of phenol with formaldehyde in presence of either an acid or abase catalyst the initial product is Navolac which is points.Melamine-Formaldehyde Polymers:-Melamine and formaldehyde undergo condensation copolymerisation to form – melamine – Formaldehyde polymer also called … We may not realize but we live in a world of polymers, and everything and anything connected to us or our surroundings is chemistry. CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 10, CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 12. Preparation Method Phenolic resin and aldehyde compound can be prepared by polycondensation reaction under the action of acidic or basic catalyst. Music for body and spirit - Meditation music Recommended for you Bryan D. Vogt (Associate Editor). The dielectric constant of Bakelite falls in the range of 4.4 to 5.4. However, ingestion of stronger solutions is dangerous to human and animal life. However, the high temperatures required to create this tends to caus… Centuries later the Iron Age introduced iron as the material of choice. Combination of phenol and formaldehyde to form ortho and para hydroxy benzyl alcohols. Preparation of Bakelite It shows high resistance towards heat, electricity and chemical action. Forum: Toughening of Networks and Gel Through Molecular Design. Bakelite is the commercial name for phenol formaldehyde resin. Bakelite was only available in a limited range of colours. Article Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. Preparation of bakelite and melamine Get the answers you need, now! [6] Bakelite was the first truly synthetic, as well as the first commercially produced, synthetic resin. Uses of Bakelite : (i) It is used for making electrical switches and plugs. It can be easily molded and hence is used in the making of various products. Different substitutes of phenol and formaldehyde can also be used depending on the application. Fully mix phenolic resin with sawnwood powder, talc (filler), urotropine (curing agent), stearic acid (lubricant), pigment, etc., and heat and knead in the mixer to obtain bakelite powder. The answers to questions 1-13 are given below with their explanations. The preparation of molding materials from resins of this inventien follow the customary practice of premixing the resin with the fibrous filler and passing between heated rolls to fuse the resin and secure a uniform impregnation of Sthe filler. This can occur at the ortho and It is the 21st century and we literally live in the world of plastics. (1) Condensation and elimination (2) Electrophilic addition and dehydration (3) Electrophilic substitution and … Hence, it is a thermosetting plastic. For thousands of years, humans used stone to fashion tools. A hard, infusible, and chemically resistant plastic, Bakelite was based on a chemical combination of phenol and formaldehyde (phenol-formaldehyde resin), two compounds that were derived from coal tar and wood alcohol (methanol), respectively, at that time. It is a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin formed by the condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. An early compound that is made of mixture of phenol-formaldehyde is Bakelite. Chemistry investigatory project - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt / .pptx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. … The proposed method for bakelite varnish is as follows. Water molecule is removed in the process. Also, the reaction should be conducted under pressure, otherwise the product formed will be brittle and a low density material. Thermoplastics can be softened by heat and can be molded. The reaction that takes place is highly exothermic, the loss of water molecule result in the cooling process. Bakelite, trademarked synthetic resin invented in 1907 by Belgian-born American chemist Leo Hendrik Baekeland. D. Condensation and elimination. This article is cited by 98 publications. TEFLON: Teflon is a plastic like substance which is produced by polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene (CF2 = CF2). Explain with reaction the preparation of bakelite - 19161329 So, we can, in general, say that Bakelite is a condensation polymer or a phenolic resin. I would like to know the percentage of phenol and formaldehyde for making bakelite. BAKELITE CORP . The product should be clear even upon cooling to room temperature. History is shaped by the materials we develop and use. This thermosetting plastic created a revolution in the world of product design.  Being a good insulator, it is used in non-conducting parts of radios and other electrical devices like sockets, switches, automobile distribution caps, insulation of wires, brake pads etc. The colorful bangles, earrings and bracelets were widely used. It is used to make buttons, clocks, washing machine impeller, toys, kitchenware and much more. It is a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin formed by the condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. Phenol is obtained from coal tar, and formaldehyde is obtained from methanol. This project requires some amount of precaution but the outcome is rewarding.A polymer is a macromolecule composed of repeating structural units connected by covalent bonds. Bakelite is a thermosetting resin—that is, once molded, it retains its shape even if heated or subjected to various solvents. Studying the properties of Bakelite will give us a wider idea as to why it is used for a wide range of applications. : In order to view a metal specimen under an optical microscope, the sample must be prepared using several steps. The Bakelite preparation can be demonstrated in the following steps of reactions-. The method of producing glyoxal-containing urea formaldehyde resin with low emission of phenol involves condensation of carbamide with a mixture of glyoxal and formaldehyde, the said mixture containing 39.7-40.1% of the latter. 3.0k SHARES. Following are a few properties that are enhanced by the addition of fillers: Greater thermal, electrical and chemical resistance.  It is liquefiable and malleable when heated and becomes permanently hard and rigid on cooling. Bakelite, which is also known as a 'material of a thousand uses' is chemically called polyoxybenzyl methylene glycol anhydride. Bakelite was only available in a limited range of colours. (ii) It is … Then heat and pressure is applied to it. Thermosets or thermosetting plastics on the other hand become hard and rigid on cooling and retain their shape. Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above. Formation of Novalac from ortho hydroxy benzyl alcohol. Bakelite is a space-network polymer. The addition of an inert filler also reduces the cost of molding. Overview of Structure Of Bakelite. Bakelite requires two monomers- phenol and formaldehyde. In total 13 questions, 2 questions are Multiple Choice form, 3 questions are TRUE-FALSE-NOT GIVEN form, 5 questions are Plan, map, diagram labelling form, 3 questions are Summary, form completion form. It must be mounted onto bakelite puck, polished using finer and finer grits as well as polishing slurry, and finally it … It is a synthetic fluoropolymer of tetrafluoroethylene. The properties of Bakelite are studied to get information regarding its commercial usage.  It can be easily molded and hence is used in the making of various products. Primary Class: 528/140. 176,809, filed November 27, 1937, Patent No. Bakelite, which is also known as a 'material of a thousand uses' is chemically called polyoxybenzyl methylene glycol anhydride. Bakelite was the first truly synthetic, as well as the first commercially produced, synthetic resin. The preparation process takes approximately 20-30 minutes from start to finish. Preparation of polymers, namely Bakelite is a simple laboratory procedure. Unlike linear and branched polymers (see demonstration 25.2), which are composed of long molecules that make them more or less crystalline, space-network polymers are highly and irregularly cross-linked throughout the structure. Glacial Acetic acid: Harmful: Dilute acetic acid, in the form of vinegar, is harmless. Formation of Novalac from ortho hydroxy benzyl alcohol. This project requires some amount of precaution but the outcome is rewarding.A polymer is a macromolecule composed of repeating structural units connected by covalent bonds. Chemistry Assignment Help, polymers.., preparation of bakelite. The physical, chemical, electrical and thermal properties of Bakelite make it a widely used commercial polymers. Pro Lite, Vedantu Proper preparation of metallographic specimens is a key step to determine the accurate microstructure of a material and often requires sectioning, mounting, course grinding, fine grinding, polishing, etching and microscopic examination. Authentic bakelite jewelry can sell for thousands of dollars, so it's important you learn how to tell the difference between genuine and imposter plastic jewelry. Preparation of Bakelite proceeds via reactions : A. Electrophilic substitution and dehydration. Asbestos, wood flour, cotton flock, cotton pulp, gypsum, mica etc., are a few reinforcing fillers that are added in molding resins like Bakelite. hexa methelene diamine (curing agent) a cross linked polymer Bakelite can be obtained. Bakelite is a plastic that is used for making many products, ranging from telephones, electrical gadgets, jewelry, to saucepan handles. Uses of Bakelite : (i) It is used for making electrical switches and plugs. Watch all CBSE Class 5 to 12 Video Lectures here. Although Bakelite was the trade name of the first thermosetting phenolic resin, it was not the only one. Soft bakelites with low degree of polymerisation are used as bonding glue for laminated wooden planks, in the preparation of-varnishes and lacquers . How to Mount, Polish, and Etch a Sample for Optical Microscopy. Many cheaper substitutes for Bakelite have been investigated which are replacing its use in the market. Watch all CBSE Class 5 to 12 Video Lectures here. Sorry!, This page is not available for now to bookmark. Layers of paper or glass cloth are impregnated with synthetic resin. May 3 • General • 20529 Views • 5 Comments on Preparation of Teflon or PTFE. The preparation of molding materials from resins of this inventien follow the customary practice of premixing the resin with the fibrous filler and passing between heated rolls to fuse the resin and secure a uniform impregnation of Sthe filler. As we now know the Bakelite preparation method as well as its structure, let us now have a look at the properties of Bakelite. Modern day plastic preparation is based on the same principles as that patented in 1907. It is a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin formed by the condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. [6] When phenol (C 6 H 6 O), which is an organic compound [1] and a common disinfectant [3] , is mixed with formaldehyde (CH 2 O) in the presence of an alkali catalyst and heat [2] … Hence, it is a thermosetting plastic. Bakelite was definitely a remarkable invention that paved the way to the 'Age of Plastics'. Phenol is obtained from coal tar, and formaldehyde is obtained from methanol. We see that a number of things like the plastic handle of utensils, telephones, bangles, automobile parts etc., are made of Bakelite. Bakelite is first made synthetic resin which was used for commercial purposes.  The dielectric constant of Bakelite falls in the range of 4.4 to 5.4,  Greater thermal, electrical and chemical resistance. B. Electrophilic addition and dehydration. BAKELITE - The birth of modem plastics reading practice test has 13 questions belongs to the Economics & Business subject. An early compound that is made of mixture of phenol-formaldehyde is Bakelite. International Classes: C08G8/28. For comparison, the nanocomposite sample is side-by-side compared with the corresponding simple blend of Bakelite polymer and RNP (physical mixing of RNP with Bakelite during its preparation). Bakelite, which is also known as a 'material of a thousand uses' is chemically called polyoxybenzyl methylene glycol anhydride. The cloth is also made with cellulose paper, synthetic yarn, cotton, glass fabrics, or unwoven fabrics. Glacial acetic acid 2. Overview of Structure Of Bakelite. Bakelite, which is also known as a 'material of a thousand uses' is chemically called polyoxybenzyl methylene glycol anhydride. It has been aptly named as the ‘Material of a Thousand Uses’. Polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE): Polytetrafluroethylene is also known as Teflon. A hard, infusible, and chemically resistant plastic, Bakelite was based on a chemical combination of phenol and formaldehyde (phenol-formaldehyde resin), two compounds that were derived Sustained heating results in an "insoluble hard gum". Pro Lite, Vedantu Before we move on to the preparation of Bakelite, it is important to know how a polymer is prepared. 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